GLONASS SYSTEM

GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is a global position Satellite System realized by ex-Urss at the same time with the United State's.All Glonass satellites are launch from Baikonur Cosmodrome, or from the Plesetsk cosmodrome, the first release dates back to October 1982, Kosmos-1413 satellite, the constellation was completed during the period of maximum efficiency with 24 satellites in 1995.

In the years succeeded because of the serious economic situation interns Russia has not had the possibility to maintain to assets the entire constellation.

But in 2002 with improving of the economic situation it has been given the way to the program of I throw again of the system to satellitare Glonass that previews 18 satellites within 2007, and will have to newly catch up the number of 24 satellites within 2010.
The program previews at least a launch for year, everyone of which will carry in the space two or three satellites.

The first satellites were put into orbit type: GLONASS

Currently, the constellation is composed of: satellites type: GLONASS-M

Glonass

Nation:Russia
Type application:Navigation
LifeTime:3 years Mass
Mass:1415 kg
Orbit & inclination:19100 km, 64.8°

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Glonass - M

Nation:Russia
Type application:Navigation
LifeTime:7 years Mass
Mass:1415 kg
Orbit & inclination:19100 km, 64.8°

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From 2011 will be put into orbit satellites for the new generation and more functional called: GLONASS-K

Glonass - K

Nation:Russia
Type application:Navigation
Configuration:3-Axis stabilized, 2 solar arrays
LifeTime:10 years
Mass:750 Kg
Orbit & inclination:19100 km, 64.8°

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GLONASS constellation is managed by System Control Center (SCC)

SCC:System Control Center
TT&C:Telemetry, Tracking and Control
ULS:Uplink station
MS:Monitoring station
CC:Central clock
SLR:Laser tracking station

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GPS and GLONASS are very similar systems, but some differences are significant:
In the first place the GLONASS does not have no degradation of the precision neither cryptography

Orbits of the 2 types of satellite are similar:

Satellites GLONASS rotate on 3 orbital planes separated by an angle of 120°
8 satellites for each plane and are equally spaced from an angle of 45°and identified by slot number which defines the corresponding orbital plane and the location within the plane (ex.1/01 - 1/02 - 3/23)
Satellites GPS rotate on 6 planes, 4 for each plane.

Orbital of inclination plans their respect to plan of equator is:

64.8° on the GLONASS and 55° in the GPS.

Orbits are both circulars:

Altitude is :
19.140 Km (GLONASS) and period of revolution is 11h 15m
20.180 Km (GPS) and period of revolution is 11h 58m.

Each satellite GLONASS has own frequencies and transmits both L1 and L2.

Advantage that derives the use co-ordinated of both constellations characterized from the fact that if they are observed more satellites contemporarily obtain more accurate precisions and saving in the times of acquisition.

» GLONASS satellite evolution

	Glonass	Glonass-M	Glonass-K
Status	out of service	in service	in service
First launch	1982	2003	2011
Lifetime (years)	3	7	10
Mass (Kg)	1250	1480	750
Output power (W)	1000	1600	1600
Number of civil signals	1	2	2
On board clocks stability	5x10^-13	1x10^-13	1x10^-14

TBC – To be Confirmed
TBD – To be defined

» Comparative list

	GLONASS	G.P.S.
Number of satellites	24	30
Number of orbital planes	3	6
Orbital Inclination	64°8'	55°
Orbital altitude	19.140 Km	20.180 Km
Period of revolution	11h 15m	11h 58m
Launch site	Baikonur/Plesetsk	Cape Canaveral
Date of first launch	02/10/82	22/02/78
Satellites for launch	1/3	1
L1 L2	1602+K0,5625 1246+K0,4375	1575.42 1227,60
Clock Precision	1*10^-13	1 sec/300.000 years
Datum	PZ-90.02	WGS-84